Two Centuries of Darwin is the outgrowth of an Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium, sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 16-17, 2009. In the chapters of this book, leading evolutionary biologists and science historians reflect on and commemorate the Darwinian Revolution. They canvass modern research approaches and current scientific thought on each of the three main categories of selection (natural, artificial, and sexual) that Darwin addressed during his career. Although Darwin's legacy is associated primarily with the illumination of natural selection in The Origin, he also contemplated and wrote extensively about what we now term artificial selection and sexual selection. In a concluding section of this book, several science historians comment on Darwin's seminal contributions. Two Centuries of Darwin is the third book of the In the Light of Evolution series. Each installment in the series explores evolutionary perspectives on a particular biological topic that is scientifically intriguing but also has special relevance to contemporary societal issues or challenges. The ILE series aims to interpret phenomena in various areas of biology through the lens of evolution and address some of the most intellectually engaging, as well as pragmatically important societal issues of our times. Table of ContentsFront MatterPart I: NATURAL SELECTION, OR ADAPTATION TO NATURE1 Natural Selection inAction During Speciation--Sara Via2 Adaptive Radiations:From Field to Genomic Studies--Scott A. Hodges and Nathan J. Derieg3 Genetics and Ecological Speciation--Dolph Schluter and Gina L. Conte4 Cascades of Convergent Evolution: The Corresponding EvolutionaryHistories of Euglenozoans and Dinoflagellates--Julius Luke?, BrianS. Leander, and Patrick J. KeelingPart II: ARTIFICIAL SELECTION, OR ADAPTATION TO HUMAN DEMANDS5 From Wild Animals to Domestic Pets, an Evolutionary View ofDomestication--Carlos A. Driscoll, David W. Macdonald, and StephenJ. O'Brien6 Tracking Footprints of Maize Domestication and Evidence for aMassive Selective Sweep on Chromosome 10--Feng Tian, Natalie M. Stevens, and Edward S. Buckler IV7 Human-Induced Evolution Caused by Unnatural Selection ThroughHarvest of Wild Animals--Fred W. Allendorf and Jeffrey J. Hard8 In the Light of Directed Evolution: Pathways of Adaptive ProteinEvolution--Jesse D. Bloom and Frances H. ArnoldPart III: SEXUAL SELECTION, OR ADAPTATION TO MATING DEMANDS9 Mate Choice and Sexual Selection: What Have We Learned SinceDarwin?--Adam G. Jones and Nicholas L. Ratterman10 Sexual Selection and Mating Systems--Stephen M. Shuster11 Reproductive Decisions Under Ecological Constraints: It's AboutTime--Patricia Adair Gowaty and Stephen P. Hubbell12 Postcopulatory Sexual Selection: Darwin's Omission and ItsConsequences--William G. EberhardPart IV: THE DARWINIAN LEGACY, 150 YEARS LATER13 Darwin and the Scientific Method--Francisco J. Ayala14 The Darwinian Revolution: Rethinking Its MeaningandSignificance--Michael Ruse15 Did Darwin Write *the Origin* Backwards?--Elliott Sober16 Darwin's Place in the History of Thought: A Reevaluation--RobertJ. Richards17 Darwin's "Strange Inversion of Reasoning"--Daniel DennettReferencesIndex