Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages, and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes2 Overview and Methods3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels4 Water5 Potassium6 Sodium and Chloride7 Sulfate8 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes andWater9 A Research AgendaAppendix A: Glossary and AcronymsAppendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of DietaryReference IntakesAppendix C: Predictions of Daily Water and Sodium RequirementsAppendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Healthand Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foodsfrom the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals,1994-1996, 1998Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data for Adults from TenProvinces, 1990-1997Appendix G: U.S. Water Intake and Serum Osmolality Data from theThird National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994Appendix H: U.S. Total Water Intake Data by Frequency of LeisureTime Activity from the Third National Health and NutritionExamination Survey, 1988-1994Appendix I: Dose-Response Effects of Sodium Intake on BloodPressureAppendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94Appendix K: Options for Dealing with UncertaintiesAppendix L: AcknowledgmentsAppendix M: Biographical Sketches of Panel MembersIndex