Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems. Enhancing Food Safety begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more. Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, Enhancing Food Safety provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummaryPart I: Setting the Stage for Understanding and Improving the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Role in the Food Safety System1 Introduction2 The Food Safety System: Context and Current StatusPart II: Toward a Stronger and More Effective Food Safety System3 Adopting a Risk-Based Decision-Making Approach to Food Safety4 Sharing the Responsibility for a Risk-Based System: Models ofGovernance and OversightPart III: Implementation of the New Food Safety System5 Creating an Integrated Information Infrastructure for aRisk-Based Food Safety System6 Creating a Research Infrastructure for a Risk-Based Food SafetySystem7 Integrating Federal, State, and Local Government Food SafetyPrograms8 Enhancing the Efficiency of Inspections9 Improving Food Safety and Risk Communication10 Modernizing Legislation to Enhance the U.S. Food Safety System11 Achieving the Vision of an Efficient Risk-Based Food SafetySystemAppendix A: Workshop AgendasAppendix B: Past Recommendations About the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration's Food Safety ProgramAppendix C: Food Safety Systems in the United States and OtherCountriesAppendix D: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Food DefenseProgramAppendix E: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Imported FoodSafetyAppendix F: Food Safety Research at Intramural and Extramural U.S. Food and Drug Administration Research Centers, by TopicAppendix G: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Protection PlanAppendix H: GlossaryAppendix I: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches