1.1. The Focus of the Book
1.2. A Religious Studies Approach
1.3. Situating in the Wider Literature
1.4. Evidence, Aims and Methods
2.2. Erzurum: Traditional Contextualisation
2.4. Izmir: Creative Contextualisation Through Differentiation
Part II: Islamic Rootedness, Taboo-Breaking and Socio-Religious Implications
Chapter 3: Biography, Context and Substance in Interplay
3.1. Turmoil as Turkish Context
3.2. Distinctive Scholar, Teacher and Innovator
3.3. Sources, Places, Times and Revelatory Dynamic
3.4. Overcoming Secular-Political Taboos
3.5. Overcoming National-Cultural Identity Taboos
3.6. Overcoming Religious Boundary Taboos
Chapter 4: Islamic Spirituality and Social Processing
4.1. Muslim Insecurity, The ''Heroic'' Tradition, and Alternative Hermeneutics
4.2. Spirituality, The True Human, Love and Service
4.3. For Human Freedom
4.4. Against Theocracy and for Democracy
4.5. Islam, Terror and Deradicalization by Default
Part III: Islamic Heroism, Hizmet Loss and a Future Beyond Gülen?
Chapter 5: Learning from Loss?
5.1. Wounded Exile
5.2. Gülen, Hizmet and Dealing with Trauma
5.3. The Hijrah Interpretation and Post-Fact Religious Causality
5.4. Self-Criticism and its Limits
Chapter 6: Inheritance, Methodology, Integrity and Creativity
6.1. Evaluating Gülen Interactively with Hizmet
6.2. Distinctive Normativity and Normality
6.3. Gülen and Hizmet Now and Beyond
6.4. Linguistic Deposits, Interpretive Processing and Informed Application
6.5. The Methodology of Learning by Doing
6.6. Love, the Human and Ecumenical
Ijtihads in Action
6.7. Going Beyond Gülen?
