The US Department of Justice's National Institute of Justice (NIJ) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of The National Academies to conduct a workshop that would examine the interface of the medicolegal death investigation system and the criminal justice system. NIJ was particularly interested in a workshop in which speakers would highlight not only the status and needs of the medicolegal death investigation system as currently administered by medical examiners and coroners but also its potential to meet emerging issues facing contemporary society in America. Additionally, the workshop was to highlight priority areas for a potential IOM study on this topic. To achieve those goals, IOM constituted the Committee for the Workshop on the Medicolegal Death Investigation System, which developed a workshop that focused on the role of the medical examiner and coroner death investigation system and its promise for improving both the criminal justice system and the public health and health care systems, and their ability to respond to terrorist threats and events. Six panels were formed to highlight different aspects of the medicolegal death investigation system, including ways to improve it and expand it beyond its traditional response and meet growing demands and challenges. This report summarizes the Workshop presentations and discussions that followed them. Table of ContentsFront Matter1. Introduction2. Opening Remarks3. Overview of the Medicolegal Death Investigation System in theUnited States4. Infrastructure and Training5. Professionalism, Standards, and Quality6. Comparing Medical Examiner and Coroner Systems7. Medicolegal Death Investigation and the Criminal Justice System8. Medicolegal Death Investigation, Public Health, and Health Care9. Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness10. Closing RemarksReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Panel Members and Invited Speakers