New Orleans in the 1920s and '30s was a deadly place. In 1925, the city's homicide rate was six times that of New York City and twelve times that of Boston, despite having a fraction of the population. Jeffrey S. Adler has explored every homicide officially recorded in New Orleans between 1925 and 1940--over two thousand in all--scouring police and autopsy reports, old interviews, and crumbling newspapers. More than simply quantifying these cases, Adler places them in larger contexts--legal, political, cultural, and demographic--and emerges with a tale of racism, urban violence, and vicious policing that has startling relevance for today. Murder in New Orleans shows how whites were convicted of homicide at far higher rates than blacks leading up the mid-1920s. But by the end of the next decade, this pattern had reversed completely, despite an overall plummet in municipal crime rates. This sharp rise in arrests was compounded by the increasingly harsh treatment of black subjects by New Orleans police, marked by acts of extreme brutality. Adler also explores counter-intuitive trends in violence, particularly how murder soared during the flush times of the Roaring Twenties, how it plummeted during the Great Depression, and how the vicious response to African American crime occurred as such violence plunged in frequency, revealing that the city's cycle of racial policing and punishment was connected less to actual patterns of wrongdoing than to the national enshrinement of Jim Crow. Rather than some hyperviolent outlier, this Louisiana city was a harbinger of the endemic racism at the center of today's criminal justice state. Murder in New Orleans lays bare how decades-old crimes, and the racially motivated cruelty of the official response, once again have baleful resonance in the age of Black Lives Matter.