As past, current, or future patients, the public should be the health care system's unwavering focus and serve as change agents in its care. Taking this into account, the quality of health care should be judged not only by whether clinical decisions are informed by the best available scientific evidence, but also by whether care is tailored to a patient's individual needs and perspectives. However, too often it is provider preference and convenience, rather than those of the patient, that drive what care is delivered. As part of its Learning Health System series of workshops, the Roundtable on Value & Science-Driven Health Care hosted a workshop to assess the prospects for improving health and lowering costs by advancing patient involvement in the elements of a learning health system. Table of ContentsFront MatterSynopsis and Overview1 The Learning Health System2 Clinical Research, Patient Care, and Learning That Is Real-Timeand Continuous3 Clinical Data as a Public Good for Discovery4 Engaging Patients to Improve Science and Value in a LearningHealth System5 Health Information Technology as the Engine for Learning6 Patients, Clinical Decisions, and Health Information Managementin the Information Age7 Applying Evidence for Patient-Centered Care: Standards andExpectations8 Team-Based Care and the Learning Culture9 Incentives Aligned with Value and Learning10 Common Themes and Opportunities for ActionAppendixesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop ParticipantsAppendix C: Workshop Attendee ListAppendix D: The Learning Health System Series: Workshop CommonThemesOTHER PUBLICATIONS IN THE LEARNING HEALTH SYSTEM SERIES