Renewing the social contract-one of the pillars of the new World Bank strategy for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) - requires a new development model built on greater trust; openness, transparency, inclusiveness, and accountable service delivery; and a stronger private sector that can create jobs and opportunities for youth in the region. Unemployment rates in the region are among the highest in the world, especially for young graduates. Recent analytic work trying to explain weak job creation and insufficient private sector dynamism points to formal and informal barriers to entry and competition. These barriers privilege a few (often unproductive) incumbents who enjoy a competition edge because of their connections or ability to influence policy making and delivery. Policy recommendations in the field of governance for private sector policy making have been rather general and often removed from concrete, actionable policy outcomes. This book proposes to move beyond analytically documenting these issues and-for the first time - fill this policy and operational gap by answering the following question: What good governance features should be instilled in the design of economic policies and institutions to help shield them from capture, discretion, and arbitrary implementation? The objectives of this book are twofold: (i) Move the debate and rhetoric on privilege, capture, and cronyism toward a more tractable and operational frame that focuses on concrete and specific policy design features that could limit opportunities for capture; (ii) Focus on the systemic measurement of the dimensions of policy making that could lead to discretionary and unfair behavior by (a) applying the motto of "what gets measured gets done" to the private sector governance realm and (b) offering a menu of policy entry points for policy makers to start addressing the capture issue.